The optimum dosage and preparation of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) for slowing the progression of progressive proteinuric CKD remains somewhat uncertain,..
The comparative effectiveness of various modalities of dialysis in patients with kidney failure has long been controversial, in large part due to the paucity of long-term randomized clinical trials….
Sodium balance in patients with kidney failure treated by dialysis is highly variable and incompletely understood, in pathophysiological terms. Sodium excess is linked both to hypertension and…
Disorders of mitochondria (MT), often due to mutations of the MT genome, are uncommon and usually present in infancy or childhood. The kidney aspects of these disorders are quite varied….
Primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) (that form not associated with systemic disease, like SLE) can occasionally present with or develop super-imposed crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN)…
Individualized (precision) therapy of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a goal that will likely improve long-term outcomes of this very pathogenically heterogenous and clinically variable disorder….
The comparative effectiveness of various modalities of dialysis in patients with kidney failure has long been controversial, in large part due to the paucity of long-term randomized clinical trials…
It is well known that IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in a recipient of a kidney allograft (or isograft) has high propensity to redevelop in the kidney graft. This recurrence is believed…
Living related or unrelated (altruistic) donor kidney transplantation is practically universally applied as an option for therapy of kidney failure, often as a preemptive procedure to avoid the need for…
Low urinary creatinine excretion (hypocreatininuria) and low serum creatinine are often observed in euvolemic hyponatremia (due to the syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone release;…
Patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) often have underlying immunological abnormalities that can be further altered by concomitant immunosuppressive (IS) therapy…
The lesion of FSGS can be due to many quite different pathogenic mechanisms. Sorting out the correct disease diagnosis can be a difficult challenge in individual cases and requires a…
Laboratory testing for anti-GBM antibodies has been available (for research or clinical care) for many decades. Yet standardization across laboratories is virtually non-existent and uncertainty remains…
Protein-bound uremic solutes are very inefficiently removed by standard dialytic techniques. Adding adsorption or displacement measures might…
A beneficial role for the use of infusions of human serum albumin (iso-oncotic [4%] or hyper-oncotic [20%]) during the management of acute kinder injury (AKI) with continuous renal replacement therapy…
The role and value of novel serum and/or urinary biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of lupus nephritis continues to be highly uncertain….
A recurrence of the original disease that affected the native kidney in the allografts (or isografts) of patients undergoing kidney transplantation is a common problem that has a significant impact…
Little doubt exists that a variable fraction of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI; defined by the creatinine-based KDIGO criteria) can eventually develop new-onset…
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is often performed as a routine part of the pathologic examination of native kidney biopsies and also kidney transplant biopsies. However…
Disease-related loss of nephrons (but not normal aging-related loss of nephrons) is commonly associated with the enlargement (hypertrophy) of residual, less-damaged glomeruli. Comorbid conditions…
The added patient-centered benefit of early versus late initiation of hemodialysis (HD) therapy for patients with severe AKI has been widely debated for many years without a clear…
It is now generally recognized that the generic disorder designated as acute kidney disease (AKD) by KDIGO is a manifestation of many individual diseases that do not meet the criteria…
Evaluation of fluid overload in patients requiring hemodialysis for ESKD or AKI can be unreliable. Bedside assessment of lung water (B lines, TBLN) or inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) with…
The report of the benefits of dapagliflozin on the progression of CKD in patients with non-diabetic kidney disease by Heerspink et al. [1] in late 2020 was a…
For many decades elective percutaneous kidney biopsy in the prone position was uniformly performed during a short hospital stay, so that patients could be…
The short-term benefits (1–3 years) attending the routine use of induction adjuvant therapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor antagonists (basiliximab or daclizumab) in…
Obesity is a well-established modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. However, the role of obesity for CVD risk is not well studied in subjects with…
Chronic kidney disease of undetermined etiology (CKDu) is endemic in several parts of the world, especially among agricultural workers exposed to high ambient temperatures, episodic dehydration…
The role of kidney biopsy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is constantly being re-examined. It is very clear that a fraction of patients with T2DM presenting with…
Flare-ups (relapses) of lupus nephritis (LN) are common and when frequent represent a major factor contributing to a poor long-term outcome. Predicting and…