Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is often performed as a routine part of the pathologic examination of native kidney biopsies and also kidney transplant biopsies. However…

Disease-related loss of nephrons (but not normal aging-related loss of nephrons) is commonly associated with the enlargement (hypertrophy) of residual, less-damaged glomeruli. Comorbid conditions…

The added patient-centered benefit of early versus late initiation of hemodialysis (HD) therapy for patients with severe AKI has been widely debated for many years without a clear…

It is now generally recognized that the generic disorder designated as acute kidney disease (AKD) by KDIGO is a manifestation of many individual diseases that do not meet the criteria…

Evaluation of fluid overload in patients requiring hemodialysis for ESKD or AKI can be unreliable. Bedside assessment of lung water (B lines, TBLN) or inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) with…

The report of the benefits of dapagliflozin on the progression of CKD in patients with non-diabetic kidney disease by Heerspink et al. [1] in late 2020 was a…

For many decades elective percutaneous kidney biopsy in the prone position was uniformly performed during a short hospital stay, so that patients could be…

The short-term benefits (1–3 years) attending the routine use of induction adjuvant therapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor antagonists (basiliximab or daclizumab) in…

Obesity is a well-established modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. However, the role of obesity for CVD risk is not well studied in subjects with…

Chronic kidney disease of undetermined etiology (CKDu) is endemic in several parts of the world, especially among agricultural workers exposed to high ambient temperatures, episodic dehydration…

The role of kidney biopsy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is constantly being re-examined. It is very clear that a fraction of patients with T2DM presenting with…

Flare-ups (relapses) of lupus nephritis (LN) are common and when frequent represent a major factor contributing to a poor long-term outcome. Predicting and…

The optimum dosage and preparation of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) for slowing the progression of progressive proteinuric CKD remains somewhat uncertain, although…

The relationships between tissue and circulating advanced glycan end-products (AGEP) maintained on chronic hemodialysis (HD) for kidney failure are uncertain. Serum levels of AGEP and…

Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and advanced chronic kidney disease are not uncommonly considered as candidates for elective or emergent bilateral nephrectomy (BN) because of…

Percutaneous biopsy (PB), of either native or transplanted kidney, is commonly performed using a variety of needle sizes (14, 16 or 18 G), according to the preferences, training, and experience…

The selection of donor kidneys for optimal post-transplant outcomes is an important issue, and discarding kidneys based on clinical criteria decreases the availability of organs. Pre-implantation biopsies of potential donor…

Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a histological glomerular lesion, not a specific disease. Primary forms of FSGS, presumably due to a circulating permeability factor (or factors), can be recognized…

Recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in a kidney allograft performed in a patient with kidney failure presumed to be due to primary (permeability factor-related) FSGS is a common…

Lupus nephritis (LN) continues to be a challenging disorder for both nephrologists and rheumatologists. This topic is an ever-changing one and the pace of change appears to be accelerating as…

It is generally observed that creatinine is secreted by the proximal tubule (via an organic anion transporter) in subjects with normal or even modestly impaired function leading to…

The benefits of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition for slowing the progress of diabetes-related CKD with overt proteinuria is well established. The utility (efficacy and safety) of adding…

Mannose-binding lectin, complement components 3 and 4d, IgG4 and PLA2R antigen (and/or thrombospondin 7A; THSD7A) are frequently co-deposited or hyperexpressed in the glomeruli of patients with primary membranous nephropathy. Strong…

Traditionally, thrombotic micro-angiopathy (TMA) is believed to mainly be a consequence of events paying out at the interface of the endothelial cells of the vascular tree and the circulation, including…

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common disorder that progresses to kidney failure in about 30% of patients followed for 2 decades or more. It also commonly recurs in transplanted kidneys….

Little doubt exists that progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) imposes added risks of mortality, mainly from cardiovascular disease (CVD). This relationship is a very complex one involving a multitude of…

Observational data have strongly implicated excessive ultrafiltration rates (UFR) as a possible contributor to adverse outcome in hemodialysis treatment of kidney failure. Many variables can affect this association, including…

Acute decompensated heart failure (AHF) is commonly associated with renal functional impairment and diuretic resistance. The assessment of “spot” [Una+] may be useful in identifying diuretic resistance and the need…

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented many challenges in treatment and organ support. The “cytokine storm” commonly associated with severe forms of COVID-19 raises the possibility of using extracorporeal blood purification…

Several reports, going back 5–7 years, noted increased levels of an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a variable number of patients with severe sepsis or trauma admitted to the…